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Reviews2011On the Road to the Commercialization of Graphene: Lessons to be Learned from Carbon NanotubesAfter the Nobel Prize was awarded for the research of graphene in October 2010, the material has occupied the headlines of all technology-related media. Graphene is already positioned as the next “big thing” for many technologies, such as computers, displays, biosensors, and flexible electronics, to name a few. It might be the right time to look back to 2001 when carbon nanotubes (closed rolls of graphene) were the “darlings of the day”, and headlines were full of promises of their bright future. Today, in 2011, most of these expectations were not realized. Is the idea of commercialized carbon nanotubes a thing of the past? Is graphene doomed to repeat their fate? Read Full Story2010Production, properties and potential of grapheneAccepted for publication in Carbon, 2010
Caterina Soldano, Ather Mahmood, Erik Dujardin
This review on graphene, a one atom thick, two-dimensional sheet of carbon atoms, starts with a general description of the graphene electronic structure as well as a basic experimental toolkit for identifying and handling this material. Owing to the versatility of graphene properties and projected applications, several production techniques are summarized, ranging from the mechanical exfoliation of high quality graphene to the direct growth on carbides or metal substrates and from the chemical rouges using graphene oxide to the newly developed approach at the molecular level. The most promising and appealing properties of graphene are summarized from an exponentially growing literature, with a particular attention to matching production methods to characteristics and to applications. In particular, we report on the high carrier mobility value in suspended and annealed samples for electronic devices, on the thickness-dependent optical transparency and, in the mechanical section, on the high robustness and full integration of graphene in sensing device applications. Finally, we emphasize on the high potential of graphene not only as a post-silicon materials for CMOS device application but more ambitiously as a platform for post-CMOS molecular architecture in electronic information processing.
2009Graphene: Status and ProspectsScience 19 June 2009: Vol. 324. no. 5934, pp. 1530 - 1534
A. K. Geim
Graphene is a wonder material with many superlatives to its name. It is the thinnest known material in the universe and the strongest ever measured. Its charge carriers exhibit giant intrinsic mobility, have zero effective mass, and can travel for micrometers without scattering at room temperature. Graphene can sustain current densities six orders of magnitude higher than that of copper, shows record thermal conductivity and stiffness, is impermeable to gases, and reconciles such conflicting qualities as brittleness and ductility. Electron transport in graphene is described by a Dirac-like equation, which allows the investigation of relativistic quantum phenomena in a benchtop experiment. This review analyzes recent trends in graphene research and applications, and attempts to identify future directions in which the field is likely to develop.
The electronic properties of grapheneReviews of Modern Physics 81, 109-162 (2009)
A. H. Castro Neto, F. Guinea, N. M. R. Peres, K. S. Novoselov & A. K. Geim
2008Carbon WonderlandScientific American 90-97, April 2008
A.K. Geim & P. Kim
Graphene, a newly isolated form of carbon, provides a rich lode of novel fundamental physics and practical applications.Consider the humble pencil. It may come as a surprise to learn that the now common writing instrument at one time topped the list of must-have, high-tech gadgets. In fact, the simple pencil was once even banned from export as a strategic military asset. But what is probably more unexpected is the news that every time someone scribes a line with a pencil, the resulting mark includes bits of the hottest new material in physics and nanotechnology: graphene.
2007The Rise of GrapheneNature Materials 6, 183-191 (2007).
A.K. Geim; K.S. Novoselov
2004Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films
K.S. Novoselov, A.K. Geim, S.V. Morozov, D. Jiang, Y. Zhang, S.V. Dubonos, I.V. Grigorieva, A.A. Firsov
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